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19.02.2026
Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. The condition is characterized by increased ovarian androgen production, disrupting the maturation of female germ cells, and menstrual function. Due to excessive luteinizing hormone production, the ovaries produce excess male 6 hormones—testosterone and androstenedione. In this case, levels of the hormone, which promotes follicle maturation, may be normal. Excess testosterone and androstenedione disrupt follicle development, leading to their premature degradation (corpus luteum degeneration), which is replaced by small follicular cysts visible on ultrasound. Follicles developing in the first phase of the menstrual cycle fail to mature and undergo regression (atresia). At this time, other follicles begin to develop and also undergo regression, and so on. Thus, follicles at different stages of development appear in the ovaries simultaneously, and there are no follicles ready for ovulation. The follicle membrane does not rupture, preventing the egg from passing into the fallopian tube. This prevents fertilization, and pregnancy does not occur.

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